A W-Band 65nm CMOS/InP-hybrid radiometer & passive imager

This paper presents a 90-100 GHz heterodyne radiometer module based on a CMOS receiver system-on-chip (SoC). The SoC contains a frequency synthesizer, downconverter, RF&IF amplification, as well as a wide range of auto-leveling and calibration, and LO stabilization functions. To provide low-noise operation the CMOS SoC is packaged within a waveguide block and mated with an InP MMIC based LNA pre-amplifier. The complete module delivers noise performance below 400°K and is capable of less than 0.5K NEΔT with an integration time of 50 ms. The entire radiometer instrument consumes 257mW of power and weighs only 334 grams.