Novel microwave techniques for non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring following traumatic brain injury

The elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of death and disability. This paper presents a non-invasive microwave technique for ICP monitoring by focusing on radio wave transmission/reflection through the head, where annular slot antennas (ASA) with proven penetrating beam in tissue are used. A circular ASA for this application operating at 0.9 GHz is also simulated and characterized in terms of resonance frequency (f
_r
) and reflection coefficient (S
₁₁
). Moreover, an ASA is also characterized as a high efficiency embedded antenna for our previously developed 2.4 GHz ICP implant.