A Novel Planar Endfire Circularly Polarized Antenna With Wide Axial-Ratio Beamwidth and Wide Impedance Bandwidth

A novel wideband planar endfire circularly polarized (CP) antenna with wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) beamwidth is presented. The operation principle of the proposed CP antenna is described at first through the combination of a planar magnetic dipole and a V-shape open loop. Then, it is demonstrated how its AR beamwidth can be precisely controlled with resorting to the shape and thickness of the open loop element. Finally, the theoretical design approach is numerically verified, and the results are then experimentally validated. It is observed that a 3 dB AR beamwidth is achieved in an extremely wide angular region up to 250° within the principal elevation plane over a frequency range of 2.41-2.51 GHz. The proposed antenna has exhibited a wide impedance bandwidth of 22.23% in fraction, a 3 dB AR bandwidth of no less than 8.00% in fraction, and a simple planar profile in geometry. In addition, its endfire beam is in parallel with its plane.