Implementation of a Hybrid Distributed/Centralized Real-Time Monitoring System for a DC/AC Microgrid With Energy Storage Capabilities

This paper proposes a combined distributed/centralized architecture for the control and monitoring of a hybrid dc/ac microgrid (MG) with energy storage capabilities. The monitoring system is based on an own developed C++ framework for the measurement and real-time state estimation of the MG. Calculations running at sampled values frequency (
${\mathbf 10}\ \text{kHz}$
) are implemented into a set of distributed measurement and processing units, which have a TCP/IP communication link with a central server running the power flow algorithm. The architecture is fully scalable, with the only restrictions of the signal processing capabilities of the distributed units, LAN bandwidth, and central server calculation capabilities. The proposed system includes the hardware and software architecture for the monitoring of the MG, the communications scheme, the implementation of real-time algorithms for grid state estimation, a graphical user interface including different visualization alternatives, and data storing/retrieving capabilities.