Design and comparison of interior permanent-magnet machines for hybrid electric vehicles

This paper is to compare five different rotor topologies of distributed winding interior permanent-magnet (IPM) machine for electric vehicles. Their characteristics, which include back-electromotive force, torque, overload capability, flux weakening performance and d-q axis inductances are comparatively evaluated. This work gives some guidance and reference for machine designers who are interested in IPM machine selection for high-performance traction applications.