Space optimization and backtracking for dual axis solar photovoltaic tracker

Amidst the world which runs on the limited non-renewable resources, alternative sources of energy are gaining the center stage. Solar energy, the primary source of energy, can be harnessed by employing photovoltaic modules. Developing a dual axis tracking mechanism that traces the sun's path in two degrees of freedom will produce higher electrical yields when compared to single axis trackers and fixed tilt structures. Dual axis solar tracker employs two motors which are independently controlled such that one directs the panel to follow the sun's zenith angle variation and other the sun's azimuth angle variation. It is ensured that solar radiation is perpendicular to the panel during the solar window. When elevation angle is low, shading is a grave concern as it drastically decreases the efficiency of power generation. This paper suggests a proficient approach to eliminate mutual shading without using sensors but by employing mathematical strategy called backtracking. Taking into consideration the increasing cost of land, this paper presents a novel model of space optimization between array of panels and distance between panels of same array for a dual axis tracker. The mathematical modeling ensures the effective usage of area for the installation thereby maximizing the energy output and minimizing the cost.