Reliability-Aware Synthesis With Dynamic Device Mapping and Fluid Routing for Flow-Based Microfluidic Biochips

In flow-based biochips, peristaltic pumps consisting of valves are essential to generate circulation flow in a mixer. When a peristaltic pump is activated, the related valves for peristalsis are required to be actuated for many times. However, the roles of valves in traditional chips are fixed, and therefore the valves for peristalsis can wear out much faster than the valves for guiding fluid transportation. This could lead to a reduced lifetime of the chip, because the whole chip function can be affected when just a few or even only a single valve wears out. In this paper, we propose a valve-centered architecture with virtual valves, based on which we introduce a valve-role-changing concept to balance the valve actuations. By switching a valve into different roles, microfluidic components such as mixers, storages, and flow channels can be formed dynamically during the assay process, which enables us to balance the utilization of valves, and synthesize designs that support various kinds of operations. Compared with our preliminary work, we further decrease the largest number of valve actuation as well as the number of valves by the revised dynamic device mapping and fluid path routing. For dynamic device mapping, we introduce a virtual-boundary concept to generate devices at better places while connections between devices are still guaranteed. For fluid path routing, we accurately model valve actuation resulting from our valve-actuation-aware routing, and revise the results by rip-up and reroute. In addition to performance, we improve the reliability of our method by assuring fluid paths from devices to chip boundaries. Experiments show that the new method can be eight times better than the traditional method, and outperforms our preliminary work for large cases even with fewer valves.