16.1 A nanogap transducer array on 32nm CMOS for electrochemical DNA sequencing

In this paper, we have demonstrated a highly scalable all-electronic approach towards DNA sequencing using CMOS readout electronics coupled with post-processed nanogap transducers. While this test chip demonstrated a small array of 8,192 pixels, a 25mm
²
chip could theoretically contain over 12 million pixels including I/O pads. Through careful architectural design choices and selection of a novel transduction scheme, we demonstrate that biosensing, such as DNA sequencing, can be performed on advanced CMOS process nodes.