Calcium alternans is a global order-disorder phase transition. Robustness on Ryanodine Receptor release dynamics

Electromechanical alternans is a beat-to-beat alternation in the strength of contraction of a cardiac cell which appears often due to an instability of calcium cycling. The global calcium signal in cardiomyocytes is the result of the combined effect of several thousand micron scale domains called Calcium Release Units (CaRU), coupled through diffusion, where the flow of calcium among different cell compartments is regulated by stochastic signaling involving the ryanodine receptor (RyR). Recently, numerical simulations have suggested that the transition from regular Ca cycling to alternans is an order-disorder phase transition consistent with the Ising universality class. Inside the cell, groups of CaRU form transient areas within the cell where alternans appear. However, global alternans appears only as a result of the synchronization of the oscillation phase among different subunits. We show here that this transition is indeed robust and universal upon changes in the behavior of the RyR. Using three different set of parameters for the transition rates among open, closed and inactivated states in the RyR, we show that different RyR behavior leads to the same type of order-disorder transition.