Characterization of Large-Area SiPM Array for PET Applications

The performance of an
$8 \times 8$
array of
$6.0 \times 6.0~\hbox{mm}{^2}$
(active area) SiPMs was evaluated for PET applications using crystal arrays with different pitch sizes (3.4, 1.5, 1.35, and 1.2 mm) and custom designed five-channel front-end readout electronics (four channels for position information and one channel for timing information). The total area of this SiPM array is
$57.4 \times 57.4~\hbox{mm}{^2}$
, and the pitch size is 7.2 mm. It was fabricated using enhanced blue sensitivity SiPMs (MicroFB-60035-SMT) with peak spectral sensitivity at 420 nm. The performance of the SiPM array was characterized by measuring flood histogram decoding quality, energy resolution, timing resolution and saturation at several bias voltages (from 25.0 to 30.0 V in 0.5 V intervals) and two different temperatures (
$5^{\circ} {\rm C}$
and
$20^{\circ}{\rm C}$
). Results show that the best flood histogram was obtained at a bias voltage of 28.0 V and
$5^{\circ}{\rm C}$
and an array of polished LSO crystals with a pitch as small as 1.2 mm can be resolved. No saturation was observed up to a bias voltage of 29.5 V during the experiments, due to adequate light sharing between SiPMs. Energy resolution and timing resolution at
$5^{\circ}{\rm C}$
ranged from
$12.7 \pm 0.8\% $
to
$14.6 \pm 1.4\% $
and
$1.58 \pm 0.13~\hbox{ns}$
to
$2.50 \pm 0.44~\hbox{ns}$
, for crystal array pitch sizes of 3.4 and 1.2 mm, respectively. Superior flood histogram quality, energy resolution and timing resolution were obtained with larger crystal array pitch sizes and at lower temperature. Based on our findings, we conclude that this large-area SiPM array can serve as a suitable photodetector for high-resolution small-animal PET or dedicated human brain PET scanners.