Johnson Noise Thermometry Based on Integrated Quantum Voltage Noise Source

We performed Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) using an integrated quantum voltage noise source (IQVNS) that generates pseudorandom noise with an RMS value determined by the product of the flux quantum, the clock frequency of IQVNS, fclk, and a calculable coefficient. The working principle is different from the conventional QVNS. The waveform of the IQVNS was analyzed thoroughly, and the source checked to see that it worked properly as intended, particularly in regard to its applicability as a reference for JNT measurements. The thermal noise power of a resistor at the triple point of water was measured with the IQVNS to derive a value of the Boltzmann constant.