Delayed duplicate intra frames (DDI) for low-delay video encoding

Video conferencing and other real-time multimedia traffic poses challenge for transmission over constant bandwidth network due to high instantaneous bandwidth generated by intra-predicted frames (I-frame). This paper proposes a novel solution for significant reduction of peak instantaneous bandwidth requirements using a new type of frame called delayed duplicate intra frames (DDI frame) in addition to the frame types defined in various video coding standards. DDI-frames is a redundant encoding and transmission scheme which uses tools like - long term reference and Supplemental Enhancement Information message, defined in various video coding standards. By intelligent use of these tools and small bitrate overhead on real-time/non-real-time transmission channels the peak instantaneous bandwidth requirement can be spread over longer duration. The proposed method is applicable to multiple video format (e.g. HEVC, H.264, VC1 etc) as well as variety of use-cases such as video conferencing, video streaming etc. The scheme additionally helps achieve better error resiliency and concealment purposes in case of packet drop. The scheme also does not have the quality flicker problem present in alternate solutions.