Co-electroplated kesterite bifacial thin film solar cells

Kesterite bifacial thin film solar cells using transparent conductive oxides (TCO) as front and rear back contact were prepared by the post-chalcogenation of co-electroplated Cu-Zn-Sn-S precursors. The crystallization growth machnism of kesterite materials on the ITO and FTO substrates are investigated. A novel interfacial reaction between ITO and kesterite materials is revealed. 5% efficient kesterite sulfide bifacial solar cells are achieved under front-side illumination.