An active three-dimensional GPS patch antenna using MID-technology

This contribution contains the design of a three-dimensional (3d) active antenna operating in the civil global positioning satellite system (GPS) for an automotive application. Designing the antenna a new approach is used combining a slotted patch antenna with a 3d surface modulation of the antenna substrate. Thus, an optimization of the antenna dimensions is achieved considering a given installation space. In addition, the space gained due to the modulation of the antenna surface is used to integrate the circuit of a low noise amplifier (LNA). This two stage LNA designed especially for this application is positioned directly underneath the 3d surface of the antenna ensuring minimal transmission line length between feeding point and input of the LNA. A prototypical realization is done using 3d molded interconnect devices (MID) technology metalizing the 3d surface with laser direct structuring (LDS) method. The simulated and measured RF characteristics are discussed.