Optical EEG (OEEG): A novel technique toward plug-and-play non-invasive brain imaging and human-machine interfacing

THE human brain dynamics can be studied based on the fast-neuronal and slow-hemodynamic signals. Referring to the available brain imaging techniques, the electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) can only measure the fast-neuronal signal. Positron-emission-tomography (PET) and Functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging (fMRI) also can measure only the slow-hemodynamic signal. However, the functional-near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is the only imaging system capable of detecting both fast-neuronal and slow-hemodynamic signals.