The conceptual models of energy behavior and energy behavioral change

Population growth and continued trends of over-consumption and overpollution represent significant threats to the environment, which necessitate a move towards more sustainable approaches. Moving towards sustainability requires individuals' energy behavior change. Accordingly, this paper focuses on individuals' energy behavior in three levels: human-institutional, physical, and data levels. We investigate the role of information of smart systems on the energy behavioral change and present two integrated conceptual frameworks to increase the effective capacity of energy systems, facilitate energy consumption problem solving, and improve personal, social, and technical capabilities regarding energy consumption.