Study of Underwater Channel Estimation Based on Different Node Placement in Shallow Water

Acoustic underwater sensor network (UWSN) is important in terms of business and for military applications. Optimum UWSN design provides a reliable connection with maximum connectivity, minimal multipath, low technical cost, and emphasis on energy conservation. This paper examines the channel estimation parameters, such as channel impulse response, coherence bandwidth, BER due to delay for differentially detected MSK receiver, and transmission loss impact of underwater node placement in three scenarios (ground-based, buoys-based, and horizontal point-to-point sensor node). All data (bathymetry, altimetry, temperature, salinity, and depth) are real and have been sourced from different satellite databases. The case study of this paper is the Desaru beach in the eastern shore of Johor Bahru in Malaysia. In this investigation, Acoustics Toolbox of BELLHOP through MATLAB and mathematical analyzing method has been utilized. As a result, this paper indicates the maximum received power, and the lowest delay time characteristics and TL belong to horizontal point-to-point scenario; moreover, the ground-based scenario has the highest delay time and maximum coherence bandwidth among three scenarios.