Intelligent sensors: the way forward to decentralised intelligence and control

This paper addresses different definitions of intelligent sensors, why they are needed and various methods of producing them. These include microcomputer or microprocessor based systems having capability of self-validation/testing and calibration. It also addresses the technologies (VLSI, silicon bulk- or surface-micromachining, multisensor-arrays, bio-materials and specific chemicals based systems) and embedded techniques (neural networks, expert systems and fuzzy logic) involved for creating intelligence in a sensor system. Finally, it gives brief information about home automation systems using intelligent sensors and intelligent fault-detecting systems.