PAM4 transmission for short reach optical interconnection

PAM4 is a promising solution for the high speed optical interconnection, it aligns well with the trend of modulation technologies and allows using lower cost optical components. This paper summarizes the experimental demonstration of PAM4 under different speed for the next generation 100GE, 400GE and beyond with the introduction of PAM4, lessons learned from industry standards and the perspective on the tendency will be presented.