Optimal signal timing strategy of the isolated intersection based on cooperative game

In this paper, an optimal signal timing strategy based on the cooperative game theory is proposed for a signalized intersection with four phases. By analyzing characteristics of the intersection signalization from the angle of game theory, a game model with four players which represent fours traffic streams in the corresponding phase, is established. Specifically, the game problem for the proposed model is solved by using the Nash bargaining solution and Shapley valuation solution in the cooperative game theory. By applying these solutions, the green time of the next cycle in each phase can be on-line adjusted effectively according to the queue length of vehicle in each phase when the previous signal cycle finishes, and the queue length of the next cycle in the isolated intersection can achieve the minimum. Simulation results show that using the proposed algorithms the queue length of each phase can be obviously reduced comparing with conventional fixed-time control method, while the traffic efficiency of the intersection in one signal cycle can be fully exploited.