Characterization of low-cost tissue mimicking materials at millimeter-wave frequencies

Several low-cost tissue mimicking materials were used to fabricate tissue-equivalent phantoms. The dielectric properties of each composition were measured in the range of 20-40 GHz using an open-ended coaxial slim probe. The measured data are in good agreement with the available reported data in the literature as well as calculated theoretical values. In order to verify the accuracy of measurements, the dielectric properties of formamide at 30°C were measured in the range of 1-40 GHz and compared to the literature data. Also some tests were performed regarding the calibration method for slim probes and the results are discussed.