Spinning Reserve Assessment Under Transmission Constraints Based on Cross-Entropy Method

This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the spinning reserve requirements of generating systems, taking into consideration the loss of load risk due to failures in the generation and transmission network. In order to provide a more flexible and robust tool to assess the risk indices for bulk power systems, a Monte Carlo simulation based tool is proposed. Due to the rarity of the events associated with this particular problem, an unbiased estimator based on importance sampling is applied, and the set of optimal parameters is obtained using a cross-entropy method. The proposed methodology is capable of assessing the operating reserve requirements, especially the one that is synchronized, to cope with failures and capacity restrictions of both generating and transmission systems. The IEEE-RTS (reliability test system) is used to test the proposed methodology and also some modifications of this system are created to fully verify the ability of the proposed approach to satisfactorily respond to the transmission constraints.