Error resilience and concealment in video coding

In this paper we review error resilience and concealment techniques which have been developed both within and outside the various videoconferencing standards. We consider the H.324 videoconferencing standard with its accompanying lower-level H.263 and H.223 video and multiplexing standards, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4. We then describe an error resilience algorithm commonly used with variable length codewords, and finally review error concealment techniques that have appeared in the literature.