Reliability evaluation of demand response and TVTR considering the cost of interruptions

Traditional transmission operation is mainly driven by passive consumer behaviour and is predetermined by static or seasonal overhead lines' (OHLs) thermal ratings. However, in a smart operation scheme considering demand response (DR) as well as time varying thermal ratings (TVTR) of transmission assets, network operation could be updated and optimally accommodate novel transmission reinforcement concepts. In this paper, a reliability evaluation with demand response is performed considering peak shaving and valley shifting (PSVS) in conjunction with emergency DR. The novelty of the proposed model is the inclusion of customer interruption frequency and interruption duration, based on the different customer types (residential, commercial, industrial, and large users), using probabilistic metrics to capture the total cost of network operation. The methodology is applied to the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system with a more advanced modelling of OHLs to facilitate the inclusion of TVTR. From this analysis increased benefits from DR are evident when TVTR is implemented and the network performance is considerably improved.