Estimation of maximum wind power penetration level to maintain an adequate frequency response in a power system

Wind energy has an immense potential to play a vital role with conventional energy sources. Therefore, integration of wind power is increasing in many power systems. Unlike synchronous generators, modern wind farms have lack of automatic frequency support capability following a disturbance. Thus, an addition of wind power does impact the frequency response of a power system. Inadequate frequency response may occur due to presence of a large wind generation. This paper proposes a methodology for estimating the maximum wind power penetration level to ensure an adequate frequency response in a power system. Frequency nadir and rate of change of frequency after an outage of the largest generator of a power system are taken into consideration. Impact of two different wind power integration strategies (direct replacement of a synchronous generator with a wind machine and 2/3 de-commitment, 1/3 re-dispatch approach) on the maximum wind power penetration level are investigated. This paper also attempts to identify a system parameter that could most significantly influence a penetration of wind power.