Efficient and enhanced broadcast authentication protocols based on multilevel μTESLA

Providing lightweight authentication and resisting Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are challenging problems in wireless ad hoc networks, such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We introduce two improved protocols based on fault-tolerant protocol and DoS-resistant protocol in Multilevel μTESLA to overcome these difficulties. The proposed Efficient Fault-Tolerant Protocol contributes in shortening the recovery time when highlevel packets are lost, and hence reduces the risk of memory-based DoS attacks. The proposed Enhanced DoS-Resistant Protocol enhances the resistance to DoS attacks by offering packet-loss recovery of authentication message.