Integral equation method for electromagnetic scattering from the ocean

The integral equation method (IEM) is an important tool for a theoretical study of electromagnetic scattering from the ocean. However, in its current form, the method can be used only for a perfect conductor approximation (PCA), that considers the relative dielectric constant of sea-water to be /spl infin/. This paper extends the IEM so that it can be used in the cases of finite but large dielectric constant, and accounts automatically for a near-grazing anomaly. Radar cross-sections are determined.