GNSS instantaneous ambiguity resolution and attitude determination exploiting the receiver antenna configuration

A novel instantaneous method for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) attitude determination using a new phase-difference ambiguity resolution approach is presented. A triple-antenna receiver configuration with baseline constraints is exploited for ambiguity resolution. It is shown that the ambiguity resolution and attitude determination problems can be solved using simple closed and semiclosed form solutions, without using GNSS codes. Simulation results demonstrate high success rates (>90%) in most cases, even when the number of visible satellite vehicles is small.