Use of Slots to Improve Performance of Patch in Terms of Gain and Sidelobes Reduction

From last decade, the use of slots is generally associated with widening the bandwidth of the patch antenna. In this letter, a set of slots including pi, triangular, and circular slots is proposed. It is shown through two design examples that this set of slots can be used to enhance the gain of the patch antenna, reduce sidelobe levels, and/or stabilize the radiation patterns by removing null from broadside.