WLAN and RFID Propagation channels for hybrid indoor positioning

Indoor localization based on Received Signal Strengths (RSS) or on some form of power measurements is a low-cost and low-complexity solution gaining more and more interest in the research and commercial worlds. Typically, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signals are employed for such purpose, due to the fact that they are widely spread in indoor environments. Nevertheless, any wireless signal available in indoor scenarios can be used for positioning based on similar power measurement approaches. One example is the radio frequency identification (RFID), which enable portable localization systems in the form of wearable RFID tags. Such RFID-enabled systems are highly demanded for health-state monitoring, object tracking, and security. These applications are mostly indoor applications, and thus, we can envision a near future where multiple RFID and WLAN signals will co-exist on multiple frequency bands. The existing signal diversity can offer a benefit in indoor positioning, providing that the signal propagation effects for both WLAN and RFID are well understood and taken into account. However, measurement-based studies on indoor channel modeling, including path loss and shadowing effects of RFID signals are still missing. A comparison between RFID and WLAN channel models for positioning purpose has yet to be made. It is the purpose of our paper to address the path-loss channel models and shadowing effects for WLAN and RFID signals based on extensive measurement campaigns in an office environment.