Augmented equivalence principle algorithm for domain decomposition method for low frequency scattering, circuits, and Casimir force calculations

A broadband integral-equation-based domain decomposition method (DDM) using augmented equivalence principle algorithm (A-EPA) is introduced for solving large scale electromagnetic scattering, circuits, and Casimir force problems. The root cause of the low frequency breakdown problem of EPA algorithm without augmentation technique is analyzed. Numerical examples validate the method for various applications in scattering, circuits, and Casimir force calculations.