Study of calibration standards for extreme impedances measurement

The paper describes first results of pioneering research in the field of calibration standards for the measurement of extreme impedances. It is a necessary step for the measurement of extreme impedances since the method has been developed. The proposed calibration standards are based on coaxial microwave connector APC-7 and were extensively analyzed in CST Microwave Studio at the frequency range from 0.1 GHz to 18 GHz. Some of the analyzed structures seem to be promising for measurements of tiny very high impedance structures like carbon nanotubes or atto-farad varactors.