Analyzing the defect structure of CuO-Doped PZT and KNN piezoelectrics from electron paramagnetic resonance

The defect structure for copper-doped sodium potassium niobate (KNN) ferroelectrics has been analyzed with respect to its defect structure. In particular, the interplay between the mutually compensating dimeric (CuNb-VO) and trimeric (VO-CuNb-VO) defect complexes with 180° and non-180° domain walls has been analyzed and compared to the effects from (Cu - VO)
^x
× dipoles in CuO-doped lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Attempts are made to relate the rearrangement of defect complexes to macroscopic electromechanical properties.