Coupling theory for fluctuating spurs in oscillators

A new fundamental theory of ‘coupled processes’ is here applied to be able to explain and to some extent predict the observed instability and spectrum fluctuations of LC and crystal oscillators. The outcome is a ‘spectrum coupling’ theory which is based on the concept of coupled energy exchange between spectrum components. The origin of the coupling can be said to be ‘energy conservation’ as in the First Law of Thermodynamics. The coupling process is found to have hysteresis and to be time irreversible. These two factors can be considered to the origin of the instabilities of spur components observed in the spectra of LC and crystal oscillators.