Improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the clock signal for the frequency standard based on 113Cd+ ions

Microwave frequency standard based on laser-cooled
¹¹³
Cd
⁺
ions has promising performance. The fluorescence decays during detection are one of main limits to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of clock signal. This phenomena is assumed cause by detection laser. We try to verify this assumption by rate equations. Two mathods to improve SNR are also proposed.