A method for ice-aware maritime route optimization

We present a method for ice-aware maritime route optimization. Our aim is to increase the safety and efficiency of maritime transport under icy conditions. The proposed method is based on the A∗ algorithm, developed by Hart et al. It uses a model of maritime navigation, consisting of (1) a sea spatial model, (2) ship maneuverability model, (3) sea ice model, and (4) ship performance model. The sea ice model, which provides a snapshot of the sea ice conditions, is based on previous work by the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The ship performance model, based on previous work by Kotovirta et al., estimates ship transit speed as a function of ice conditions and ship design parameters. The main novelties in this paper are the application of the A∗ algorithm to maritime route optimization and development of an associated cost function that takes into account ice conditions and available icebreaker assistance. We present preliminary results based on the method, using the Baltic Sea as a case study. Generated routes are compared with historical routes under the same ice conditions. Areas of future work and needed enhancements are briefly discussed.