Waveform distortion - a comparison of photovoltaic and wind power

The paper presents measurements of waveform distortion from six solar-power installations and three wind-power installations. The main emphasis is on the emission of low-order odd harmonics as a function of active-power production. It is concluded that the emission levels are low, that there is in most cases just a weak correlation with active power production, and that every installation is unique. Next to that the paper contains a discussion on the emission of supraharmonics (mainly 16 kHz in the case shown). Both for low-order harmonics and for supraharmonics, there is a need for the development of suitable models explaining the emission, including any relation with active-power production.