The revolution of glucose monitoring methods and systems: A survey

Diabetes is characterized by high glucose levels in the blood that result from defects in insulin secretion, or its action, or both, being considered as one of the major contributors of precipitate infirmity and death in non-contagious diseases. Glucose meter is the prevailing technique to determine the glucose level, a technique involving chemical analysis of a sample of the diabetic blood obtained by pricking a finger. Yet, due to the many demerits of the glucose meter, including the pain and the direct contact requirement, many alternatives were proposed in the literature. In this paper, we explore and compare, based on a number of performance metrics, some of those techniques and systems and their compatibility to be implemented for System-on-Chip (SoC) for glucose and health monitoring, which will potentially transform the future of healthcare by enabling proactive personal health care and ubiquitous monitoring of a patient's health profile and condition. A preliminary SoC design for non-invasive glucose monitoring is proposed.