Handheld Computers: Smartphone-Centric Wireless Applications

A smartphone is a mobile phone built on a mobile operating system with more advanced computing capability and connectivity than regular or conventional cell phones have [1]. Driven by increasing demands, they have become more popular in our daily life; there are already more than 1.08 billion smartphones around the world [2] and smartphone sales continues to grow. According to a press release by Gartner Inc., worldwide smartphone sales to end users reached 225 million units in the second quarter of 2013 and, for the first time, smartphones account for the majority of global cellphone shipments [3]. In particular, smartphones with Google's Android mobile operating system and Apple's iOS hold more than 93% of the market share [3].