Multi-channel transmit/receive RF coil arrays for cardiac MRI at ultrahigh fields: Design, validation and clinical application

This work focuses on explorations into human magnetic resonance (MR) at ultrahigh magnetic fields (B
₀
≥7.0 Tesla, f≥298 MHz). Current trends in enabling multi-channel radiofrequency (RF) technology tailored for MR in the low wavelength regime are presented with the ultimate goal to attain clinically acceptable image quality. Validation of RF coil performance, mapping and shimming of transmission fields together with RF power deposition considerations are presented. Early applications of cardiovascular MR at 7.0 T are provided and their clinical implications are discussed. A concluding section ventures a glance beyond the horizon and explores future directions of RF coil developments.