Effect of leveler on microstructure and stress of electroplated copper for TSV application

Through silicon via (TSV) with many advantages comparing with traditional technology is playing an important role in three-dimensional large-scale integration. In this paper, we have studied Effect of leveler on microstructure and stress of electroplated copper for TSV application. We demonstrate residual stress, SEM, TEM and electrochemistry results which have strong connection with leveler in via copper electroplating solution.