A Centralized Clustering Geographic Energy Aware Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are deployed in areas we are interested in to help users to retrieve raw data. Due to the limited power, it is desired that data retrieving routing protocols are energy efficient, and energy consumption can be balanced among all nodes so that lifetime of WSNs can be prolonged. In this paper, we propose a centralized clustering geographic energy aware routing (GEAR-CC) for wireless sensor networks. It has the dominance of both hierarchical routing and geographic energy aware routing. As a centralized algorithm, it takes full advantage of base station's sufficient power to conduct every transmission in the wireless sensor network. In GEAR-CC, the base station can easily formulate the optimal transmitting schemes for all sensor nodes based on the global information of topology and energy. The optimization is achieved by making trade-off between energy cost and node's residual power. Simulation results show that GEAR-CC can dramatically balance residual energy of each node to avoid hot-spot phenomenon, and the time the first cluster dies in network using GEAR-CC is about 1.57 times of clustering direct transmission routing and 1.32 times of cluster-head-to-cluster-head (CH-to-CH) routing.