Electromagnetic wave propagation of Wireless Capsule antennas in the human body

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) uses an ingestible small capsule-shaped device to detect various diseases within the digestive system. It is superior to traditional endoscopy as WCE lacks the limitations of traditional wired diagnostic tools, such as the cable discomfort and the inability to examine highly convoluted sections of the small intestine. However, a number of obstacles still need to be overcome to improve the clinical applications. This paper attempts to investigate the performance of a WCE system by studying its electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation through the human body, which allows the capsule's positioning information to be obtained. The WCE transmission channel model is constructed to evaluate signal attenuations and to determine the capsule position.