Integrating renewable energy with flexible storage systems: A case study of GB and Greece

This paper models the energy systems of Great Britain (GB) and Greece in EnergyPLAN for the year 2020. EnergyPLAN is an analysis tool that simulates energy systems on a national scale. Future alternative scenarios were developed considering smart charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs). The model was run with a range of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) integration and with three different scenarios for the transport sector: reference model with no EVs, the model with EVs without Vehicle to Grid (V2G), and the model with EVs with V2G capability. In the EV charging scenarios, the charging rates of 3kW, 7kW, 11kW and 22kW were considered. The results for GB and Greece were analyzed in terms of Critical Excess Electricity Production (CEEP) and CO
₂
emissions, and the conclusions show that EVs with V2G option have the potential to increase the penetration of fluctuating RES, and decrease CO
₂
emissions.