Anatomical loading on a UWB antenna for shoe toe box

A UWB 6.0-8.5 GHz monopole antenna for mounting on the toe-box area of footwear is designed using a detailed model of a running shoe and a foot-shaped phantom. Variation of anatomical features between individual people gives rise to different proximity and permittivity loads on the antenna. To take account of environment, the antenna design optimization considers different proximity distances for impact on the reflection coefficient and on the radiation efficiency.