Reducing the blackbody radiation shift in the NIM new fountain design

We are developing a new Cs fountain frequency standard in NIM, and shooting for the frequency uncertainty of a few parts in 10
¹⁶
. The new fountain will run in a lab with the temperature fluctuation of 0.3K, and no active temperature control system will be added outside the flight tube. Instead, an isothermal liner will be surrounded the flight tube. It is a special type of heat pipe, made of a thin layer of vacuum tube filled with pure water. The thermal conductivity of a glass isothermal liner is about 10 times higher than that of coppers. It also works like a low pass filter reducing the temperature fluctuations of the system. The advantage of using an isothermal liner is to make the temperature of the whole interrogation region more uniform and stable. With precision standard Pt thermometers measuring the temperatures of a few locations of the flight tube, the average temperature uncertainty is less than 50 mK. The frequency shift due to the blackbody radiation can be calculated, and the relative frequency shift due to black body radiation can reach down to 7.2E-17 of this new fountain clock.