Supplementary automatic generation control using electric vehicle battery swapping stations

Integration of demand-side regulation resources into automatic generation control (AGC) has greater significance for improving the dynamic performance of grid frequency control. This paper investigates the possibility of providing regulation services by energy storage in electric vehicle battery swapping stations (BSS) in the demand-side. An interaction framework, namely Station-to-Grid (S2G), is presented to integrate the BSS into power grid. An aggregated model of S2G is developed, which accounts for both the users' demand of battery swapping and the available regulation reserve (ARR). A two-area interconnected system simulation has been studied to verify the contributions to AGC by BSS. The results show that the demand-side BSS can significantly suppress the frequency deviation and tie-line power fluctuations..