Adaptive Phase Synchronisation Algorithm for Collaborative Beamforming in Wireless Sensor Networks

Collaborative beam forming (CB) is a cooperative technique that utilizes a group of distributed wireless nodes to collectively transmit a common message with proper phase weights to an intended direction. As a result, CB significantly extends the communication range of the sensor node in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Each sensor node in CB has an independent local oscillator. It becomes a vital problem to achieve CB as the distributed nodes are unaware of their phase relationship. Therefore, an efficient phase synchronisation algorithm is needed as the distributed nodes are unaware of their phase relationship. In this paper, an iterative phase synchronisation algorithm using (1+1)-evolution strategy (ES) is proposed to achieve CB in WSNs. Evaluations have been carried out through simulation and the results show that the proposed algorithm is more energy efficient in comparison to the existing phase synchronisation algorithm.