A Unified Framework for Measuring a Network's Mean Time-to-Compromise

Measuring the mean time-to-compromise provides important insights for understanding a network's weaknesses and for guiding corresponding defense approaches. Most existing network security metrics only deal with the threats of known vulnerabilities and cannot handle zero day attacks with consistent semantics. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for measuring a network's mean time-to-compromise by considering both known, and zero day attacks. Specifically, we first devise models of the mean time for discovering and exploiting individual vulnerabilities. Unlike existing approaches, we replace the generic state transition model with a more vulnerability-specific graphical model. We then employ Bayesian networks to derive the overall mean time-to-compromise by aggregating the results of individual vulnerabilities. Finally, we demonstrate the framework's practical application to network hardening through case studies.