Multi-layer antenna design with evolutionary optimization

In the last decades several population-based heuristic search techniques have been developed for the optimization of combinatorial electromagnetic problems, all of them are modeled on the concepts of natural selection and evolution e.g. Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Moreover, vast variations of original methods can be found in the literature. In this paper, with the intent of examine the reliability and convergence speed of those methods, some comparisons in optimizing a dual-ring microstrip antenna will be presented. Preliminary results are here presented to demonstrate the analysis of robustness and effectiveness of optimization tools.